Military Is A Powerful Defense System Vital For A Governed...

A military is a powerful defense system vital to a governed nations democracy. The United States military is a trusted entity however it’s very powerful and possesses the capabilities to become tyrannical without sufficient supervision and control. Recognizing the demand for a military but the undoubted need for control so as not to allow for it to become too powerful, the Founders responded with the creation and notion of political civilian control of the military. Civilian control leaves strategic decision making in the hands of political leadership as opposed to military officers maintaining balance. As in todays era we find President Barack Obama, a political figurehead, and his orders for military engagements impacting various†¦show more content†¦In Alexander Hamilton’s Federalist 26 and Federalist 29 he wrote of warnings of a standing militia force outlining the hazards and to be wary when employing militia and or military force. In exercising civilian control of the military the public become more aware of proposals, preventing what would be a Vietnam-like repeat with extreme distaste with military engagements. Vietnam was a war in which general public thought the military was winning until suddenly it b ecame evident that it would be drawn out and increasingly expensive. Inherited wars, wars in which Presidents assume office within wartime, became increasingly straining on war efforts during the Vietnam War. During that era the United States went through five Presidents of which included Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Ford. Arguably, during that time period there was a breakdown in civilian military control as bad policy and strategy adversely affected civilian-military communications. Samuel P. Huntington wrote in his book, The Soldier and the State that â€Å"proper subordination of a component, professional military to the ends of policy as determined by civilian authority† summarizing what he deemed the be the necessity for civilian control to prevent a military defeat or a coup. In his writing he stresses what he calls â€Å"objective control† or maximizing efficiency and effectiveness with an

A Shift On A New Method Of Criminal Justice System

Decarceration: A Shift to A New Method of Criminal Justice Melanie Eubanks Lee College CRIJ 1301 Professor Buckner Mar 2, 2017 Societies throughout history have always tried to service punishment or retribution over those that are considered delinquents or criminals in their society. The societies in the industrialized world have seen several transformations in their mission to achieve this level of discipline. Vast portions of the population have become very disenfranchised with their criminal justice system has meant that in recent years, and mostly since the 60 s, a main theme in exertion of control over societies deviants has been a state-sponsored attempt to rehabilitate criminal populations. In the face of steadily†¦show more content†¦Evan at the latter part of the 18th century it was non-more often than not (Scull 1977, p17). The aims of imprisonment were retribution and deterrence up to the late 19th century, most crimes were dealt with by some combination of fines, corporal punishment, mutilation or death (Scull 1977, p.18). Weak, decentralized and arbitrary are how you could define the st ate control of the prison system. The focus of control was undifferentiated, methods of categorization and differentiation of deviance were hardly developed and visibility of control was public (Cohen 1985, p.16-17). Since external behavior was the focus of intervention at the time the state aimed at punishing the body. So, between the end of the 18th century and the start of the 19th century, incarceration gradually became the predominant mode of punishment and the emphasis shifted to reform and rehabilitation as the primary aims of imprisonment (Tomasic and Dobinson 1979, p.14). The transformations that took place during this time were to lay the foundations for subsequent deviancy control (Cohen, 1985, p.13). The advance of the capitalism that occurred at the end of the 18th century and the start of the 19th century was interwoven with the changes in deviance control that happened now (Scull 1977, p31). These changes saw an increasing involvement and intervention of the state with regards to deviancy control, the increasing classification of deviant groups intoShow MoreRelatedRecidivism in the United States Criminal Justice System Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesRecidivism in the United States Criminal Justice System An ongoing and increasingly evident issue in the criminal justice system is how convicted individuals reenter society with little or no gradual process. These individuals often resort back to criminal activity in an act termed recidivism. 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Mental health and illness Free Essays

The nature of `mental health` and `mental illness` has been described as `contested`. Who are the contestants and what is the contest about? The Mental Illness has always been considered as a contested issue, because this is the only suffering of unfortunate human beings, which is being highly misunderstood. There are different types of mental illnesses that are suffered by human beings, and in each mental illness there are number of complexities involved like social problems, defect in any part of the brain etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental health and illness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychologists, psychiatrists, doctors and sociologists, who so ever are dealing with the issue of Mental illness are contestants to this issue and advocates their own perceptions like Psychiatrists consider mental illness as a physical state of debilitation and look at it from the social angle, whereas doctors dictates it as a faulty or malfunctioning parts of the brain, such as infections, genetic defects and chemical imbalances within the individual, and neglects the wider social picture which is an ingredient part of illness. How well does the idea of labeling explain what happens to someone who is diagnosed as mentally ill? When a person is diagnosed mentally ill, he or she is labeled., a doctor or practitioner can understand the intensity of his problem and can prescribe the best treatment for him. Thus labeling can be a boon in disguise. Naturally if doctor labeled a person as â€Å"mentally disable†, that means he is considering the symptoms that a person is showing which is typical of mental disorder and can delve upon the problem and chart out the solutions. Critically review the evidence that there is an association between mental health and socio-economic inequality. No doubt there is a deep association between Mental Health and socio economic inequality. Socio economic inequalities lead to high psychiatric morbidity, disability, depression, Schizophrenia.   Studies by the World Psychologist, 2005 October; 4(3): 181–185 on 10,108 adults aged 16-65 resident in private households in the UK reveal that people who had no access to a car had an odds ratio for neurotic disorder of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.7), compared with those who had access to two or more cars. People who rented their homes were also at increased risk of depression (1.3 [1.1-1.5]). These Income inequalities in the western market economies last 20 years had adverse consequences on the mental health of the people. Basically, the inferiority complex is a basic root and cause of this severe problem. Discuss how a family might affect and be affected by one of its members having a psychiatric diagnosis mental illness. Families of the patients suffering from severe psychotic symptoms often suffer from heavy emotional and social strains.   Many households may accept the patients, but the social rejections that are followed can cause serious consequences on the whole family. They can lead to strains of mental illness on a marriage life may also be very devastating. The divource rate is high among people who have depression or bipolar disorder. How might consultation be used to improve the sensitivity of mental health services to different needs? Consultation is a very important means of service delivery for mentally ill child and adolescents.   Consultation can be provided in number of ways: group or individual; fixed session or on demand; clinical-based or area office-based. For psychiatrists, the consultancy service is a very valuable experience. Trainees develop an awareness of the difficulties facing social work staff in difficult cases. The social work team also gains considerable benefit from an informal consultation service, which can improve their skills in further understanding the patient problems.   Through consultation, social workers can go into the depth of the causes of the problems of mentally ill within the family setting. Many people who have mental health problems are socially isolate. What can be done to provide them with informal support and friendship if they want this? The stigma that is attached to the mentally ill patients leads them to be isolated from the Society. Lot can be done for mentally ill patients. They can be, as suggested by World Health Organization (WHO), http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs218/en/ ï‚ ·Ã‚  Ã‚   Openly discussing about the problem of mental illness in the community. ï‚ ·Ã‚  Ã‚   Providing accurate information on the causes, prevalence, course and effects of mental illness ï‚ ·Ã‚   Countering the negative stereotypes and misconceptions surrounding mental illness; ï‚ ·Ã‚   Providing support and treatment services that enable persons suffering from a mental illness to participate fully in all aspects of community life. ï‚ ·Ã‚   Ensuring the existence of legislation to reduce discrimination in the workplace. What are the particular challenges of resettling long-stay mental patients in the community, and what kinds of resource are needed to support them there? 1. Hard to place psychiatric patient due to behavioral/management problems. 2. Difficulty placing patient into the community due to lack of financial resources. 3. How do we take care of the geriatric patient with a psychiatric disorder who becomes combative/disruptive that he is not allowed to remain in secure environments due to the high risk of harm to other patients? RESOURCES NEEDED TO SUPPORT THEM 1. First fix the behavioral problems and poor compliance. 2. The Training centers, employment programs, volunteer options and local clubs should all be part of the life plan of these people. 3. Encourage realistic consideration of work and practical steps in preparation for reintegration, such as enrolment at a day programme. 4. Involve them in any Meaningful occupation such as volunteer work etc. What are the rewards and stresses of work in mental health services? What measures might employing organisations take to reduce the effects of stress on staff and improve their job satisfaction? The biggest reward for the people who are engaged in the mental health services is naturally the one when patient is recovered from mental illness. Besides getting mental satisfaction, they are also reward by the government for their meticulous services like â€Å"Award for Excellence in Community Mental Health Services†, 2006 Public Citizen of the Year award. Thus Government does appreciate these noble souls who are engaged in community welfare programs. HOW THE EMPLOYING ORGANIZATIONS REDUCE THE STRESS OF STAFF: They can reduce the stress of staff by: Effective management structure Clear purpose goals Functionally defined roles Team support Making appropriate plans for stress management Proper management of workload Balanced lifestyle Discuss the view that madness can be a valuable experience if only its value is recognized. Never consider the person who is mad as incompetent, as what he can provide to the Society, no able person can provide. For eg. If a person is disillusioned with the society apathetic attitude, so in his madness he will keep on reflecting and mentioning about what’s wrong in the Society but we ignore his talks, but if we clearly ponder on his talks,   we will realize what role he is playing in giving the best to the Society which no body will ever intend to give. How to cite Mental health and illness, Essay examples

Ethical Evaluation of Real Life

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Evaluation of Real Life. Answer: Introduction Ethical concern is very important in order to evaluate any case or incident as the ethical justification can bring the accurate solution to the case or the scenario. In addition to this, among all of the 10 issues about Confronting IT Managers the following issue is chosen: Do employees know the degree to which behavior is monitored?. This report is elaborating about a real life case study that is entirely based on the issue chosen in this report. This news article is The challenges of balancing employee privacy and corporate security in BYOD. In contrast with this fact, this report is mainly focusing on the effective justification for the ethical evaluation of the story. Description of the ethical issues from the view point of all stakeholders According to Campagna (2017), it is clear that corporate data protection and employee privacy both are considered to be a important and effective aspects within the organizational context. There are many organizations that are implementing BYOD within their organization in order to be more productive within the competitive era of technological advancements. In contrast with this case there are mainly two stakeholders involved within this case. These are organization itself and employees working under them. Therefore, the ethical concern from the point of view of both these parties should verify and evaluated in this context. These evaluations are done on this part of the report: Ethical issue from the view point of Employees working under corporate governance: BYOD is nothing but a technical phenomenon that permits the employees working under any organization to bring their mobile as well as smart devices within the organization premises in order to fulfill the professional responsibilities by doing their work (Campagna 2017). In contrast with this fact,, the employees are using the corporate network in order to do their official work that mandates their privacy concern within the organization, which is ethically not correct. Basically theorganization has control over their searches and other private measures that they are doing over the official network in order to fulfill their own needs (Campagna 2017). Therefore, from the ethical point of view the organization is doing unethical steps against the employees. Ethical issues from the point of view of Organization: Every organization has their own set of confidential data and entity sets that harms their organizational structure and future plan if get revealed within the competitive market. In addition to this, in most of the cases, the employees are responsible for making these kinds of leakages of confidential data possible within the organizational premises (Campagna 2017). Therefore, from the point of ethical concern, the security of organization data must be managed on the highest priority. Some set of people involved with the organization generally do these kinds of unethical incidents and for this purpose, the organization has to put check over the searches and other activities over the internet (Campagna 2017). Therefore, there must be some mutual set of regulatory measures that helps both the employees and organization. This article is elaborating about this set of process and methods. Justification for the issue to be resolved with the help of ethical concern rather than legal actions The ethical concern in justifying the effective measures and other responsibilities within an case are very important in order to provide exact responses. Evaluation should be based on the personal and sectoral interest that shows the human nature and other concerned perspectives about the audiences involved within any case (Chell et al. 2016). Evaluators of any story or case should have the professional integrity and also should have to be concerned about the individual or any institution. In addition to this, any justification or evaluation should be based on the sensitive beliefs of each of members involved in case. Cultural, local and social concerns should also be taken into consideration during evaluation of any story or case. In contrast with the definition of ethical evaluation provided above, the evaluation must be done from both the perspective of two stakeholders involved in this story: organization and employees (Parrott 2014). From the point of view of employees, if the legal actions are considered then the employees would get unmotivated over their work culture the net results of their production will be reduced with respect to the competitive market. In addition to this, this action of the organization will not only reduces the employee interests but also makes the system architecture of the organization worst and the ethical issue is not resolved at the end of the scenario (Schaupp and Carter 2016). Whereas, the ethical stages are helpful in solving these issues going on within the organization. In case of the organizational context, in order to make the business process successful and accomplished with certain goals and objectives, every organization obeys some set of rules and regulatory measures. The decision of BYOD involves so many security threats for the organizational data. If the employee takes the legal actions for stopping the use of BYOD within the organization then there may be several growth issues in technical domain. Therefore, legal actions will not be correct for this concern (Turker and Altuntas 2013). The organization as well as the employees should be concerned about their ethical evaluation in this case and find some third way to resolve both the corporate security and employee privacy issues. Ethical obligations of the stakeholders towards each other There are mainly two stakeholders involved in the concerned case related to use of BYOD within the organization. Therefore, the ethical obligation of both the stakeholders should be judged. These ethical obligations are elaborated in this part of the assignment: In contrast with the effective monitoring process of the organization over the employees introduces various ethical obligations within the organization. These are elaborated in this part of the assignment: Privacy concerns: This is the main concern of the employees involved within nay organization and working under BYOD rules and regulatory measures within the organization (Rupp et al. 2015). In addition to this, the employees do not want their personal information to be misused by the organization or they also do not want them to be monitored by the organization. Effective usage of the employee data: In most of cases of BYOD there are chances of misuse of the employee data for the sake of organization (Weiss 2014). In addition to this, the organization may have lack of security measures for which the employees get leaked and also misused by the hackers. There are various cases in which the employees face identity theft for data theft. Ethical obligation of the organization Organization is also playing an important role in this case study of corporate and employee privacy within the organization. The organization also has several ethical obligations over the employees in order to claim their concern over the security breaches and other security measures. These are elaborated in this part of the report: Privacy of organizational data: The employees are responsible for the data theft involved in the organization work structure. In addition to this, BYOD permits the user for accessing all technical as well as confidential data over the organizational network (Set-Pamies and Papaoikonomou 2015). The employee devices allow the devices to get connected to the external network of the organization this causes the leakage of confidential data over organizational network. Concern for private data: The organization must show concern for the effective and important organizational databases. In addition to this, the organization monitors the employee activities involved within the system architecture of the organization (Bond 2015). This aspect harms the privacy rights of the employees within the organization. Guidance of the Australian Computer Societys Code of Ethics The Australian Computer Societys Code of Ethics provides a set of specific rules or regulatory measures for guiding the organization as well as employees in maintaining their privacy concerns within the organizational premises. This guidance is elaborated in this part of the report: The Primacy of the Public Interest: The organization as well as the employee involved within the organization should consider the public interests while evaluating their work culture (Acs.org.au 2017). If this aspect is checked before every step then the unethical incidents will be reduced. The Enhancement of Quality of Life: The enhancement of quality of life is important in order to mandate the situation as well as the unethical concerns developing within the organization culture (Acs.org.au 2017). The organization as well as employees of the organization should obey the effective moral concerns before taking any actions against each other. Honesty: The employees as well as the organization should maintain honest bonding between each other in order to provide an effective structure within the organization and among the employees while dealing with organizational and personal data of employees. Professional Development: The professional development concerns are very important to consider the organizational growth (Acs.org.au 2017). There must be a mutual option that can be used for managing both employee and organizational privacy. BYOD is important to consider effective organizational growth within the organization. Professionalism: Professionalism can be introduced within the system architecture of the organization in order to incorporate effective solution to the issues of organization as well as employee (Acs.org.au 2017). This rule will be helpful to employee and organization in order to grab effective solution in reducing ethical issues within the organization. Conclusion This can be concluded that the ethical evaluation or justification for resolving any issues are the best possible way to mandate the negative aspects involved within the issues. The concept of ethical evaluation does not harm any character involved into the case as well as this evaluation gives the ultimate results to the responsible heads. In contrast with this real life case on the chosen topic about confronting IT managers it is clear that any organizational authority should not have control over the privacy issues involved within any story or case. In addition to this, this story is elaborating that some of the organization is finding a mutual way to maintain the organizational as well as individual privacy within the organization. therefore, this aspect is ethical justified and no stakeholders will be harmed with this decision making. References Acs.org.au 2017.Acs.org.au. Retrieved 18 January 2017, from https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/Code-of-Ethics.pdf Bond, T., 2015.Standards and ethics for counselling in action. Sage. Campagna, R. 2017.The challenges of balancing employee privacy and corporate security in BYOD. [online] Enterprise Apps Tech News. Available at: https://www.appstechnews.com/news/2016/apr/20/challenges-balancing-employee-privacy-and-corporate-security-byod/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. McGraw-Hill. Koljatic, M. and Silva, M., 2015. Do Business Schools Influence Students Awareness of Social Issues? Evidence from Two of Chiles Leading MBA Programs.Journal of Business Ethics,131(3), pp.595-604. Marres, N. and Weltevrede, E., 2013. Scraping the social? Issues in live social research.Journal of Cultural Economy,6(3), pp.313-335. Parrott, L., 2014.Values and ethics in social work practice. Learning Matters. Peters, R.S., 2015.Ethics and Education (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Rupp, D.E., Wright, P.M., Aryee, S. and Luo, Y., 2015. Organizational justice, behavioral ethics, and corporate social responsibility: Finally the three shall merge.Management and Organization Review,11(01), pp.15-24. Schaupp, L.C. and Carter, L., 2016. Ethics and Social Networking: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Evaluating Online Information Disclosure.International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering (IJSSOE),6(2), pp.1-28. Set-Pamies, D. and Papaoikonomou, E., 2015. A multi-level perspective for the integration of ethics, corporate social responsibility and sustainability (ECSRS) in management education.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-16. Turker, D. and Altuntas, C., 2013. Ethics of social responsibility to indirect stakeholders: a strategic perspective.International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics,8(2), pp.137-154. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.